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The PV (photovoltaic) is an element for generation of electric energy by means of sun (a solar panel). The basic property of the PV is the nominal power of the (maximal three) sets of panels. Other static properties are the orientation and tilt of the sets of panels. The generated power depends on the sun intensity and the date and time. The output power is limited by the nominal power of the inverter.
PARAMETERS
PV
Parameter |
Default |
Unit |
Description |
Name |
|
|
Name |
Pnom |
0 |
MW |
Nominal power |
Orientation |
180 |
° |
Compass angle of the PV panel (azimuth angle) North is 0° |
Tilt |
36 |
° |
Tilt angle of the PV panel 0° is flat |
Latitude |
52 |
° NB |
Latitude |
Longitude |
5 |
° OL |
Longitude |
Scaling |
1000 |
‰ |
Scaling factor |
Profile |
Default |
|
Name of the profile (factors of the entered scaling) |
Snom |
0 |
MVA |
Nominal output power of the inverter |
Unom |
node.Unom |
kV |
Nominal output voltage of the inverter |
Ik/Inom |
1 |
|
Relation between the short circuit current and the nominal current |
Efficiency type |
0,1 pu: 93%; 1 pu: 97% |
|
Inverter efficiency type, as function of the output power |
Q ctrl |
|
|
Type of reactive power control |
Cos phi |
1 |
|
Fixed cosine phi |
U |
|
pu |
Input of the Q(U)-function or P(U)-function |
I |
|
pu |
Input of the P(I)-function; directional |
f |
|
Hz |
Input of the P(f) function |
P |
|
pu |
Input of the Q(P)-function or output of the P(U) of P(I)-function |
Q |
|
pu |
Output of the Q(U)-functie or Q(P)-function |
No P, no Q |
false |
|
No Q if P<1 % |
P(U) ctrl.Present |
false |
|
P(U)-control present |
P(I) ctrl.Present |
false |
|
P(I)-control present |
P(f)-c.Present |
false |
|
P(f) control present |
Measure |
|
|
Measurement field where the current is measured (maximum 3; the most restrictive one prevails) |
Profile
Here a predefined profile can be coupled with the PV. The profile consists of scaling factors which are applied at the corresponding profile time instance. When using a time oriented profile, the time has two functions:
•the scaling is scaled by the factor belonging to a time stamp;
•the production of the panel depends on the time, according to the position of the sun as calculated within the program
Reliability
Parameter |
Default |
Unit |
Description |
Failure frequency |
0 |
per year |
Mean number of occurrences that the PV fails (short circuit) |
Repair duration |
0 |
minutes |
Mean duration of repair or replacement |
Maintenance frequency |
0 |
per year |
Mean number of occurrences that the PV is in maintenance |
Maintenance duration |
0 |
minutes |
Mean duration of maintenance |
Maint. cut-off duration |
0 |
minutes |
Mean duration of cancellation of maintenance in case of emergency |
MODELLING
Loadflow
The PV installation uses the generator convention: a positive value denotes the delivery of power to the network. The voltage dependent behaviour of the PV installation is of constant power.
Fault analysis
The PV installation is modeled as an impedance, the value of which is computed by dividing the load flow bus voltage Unode with the PV-current.