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It is not easy to determine network costs or to make economic comparisons of network variants. Network cost calculations are often based on estimated parameters. Nevertheless, it is possible to calculate anticipated operational costs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. In Vision, a cost calculation involves costing the network losses.

 

Network losses

Network losses are energy losses (kWh). The future cost of network losses can be calculated back to the date of investment (cash value). The valuation of network losses over a given period is explained below.

In the formulae below.

 

The following parameters are used in the formula's:

 Pl        powerloss at maximum load (kW) exclusive transformers and cables magnetizing loss

 Pnull        transformers en cables magnetizing loss (kW)

 Tb        duration of maximum load (h/year)

 Tl        duration of the loss (h/year)

 lf        loss factor for the calculation of Tl (0.2 according to Berry, 0.15 <= lf <= 0.3 according to Epri)

 De        kWh price (Valuta/kWh)

 i        real interest (market interest – inflation) (%/year)

 y        year (y=0 in the first year)

 

 

Energy loss costs

The energy cost of losses in the first year is:

 

 

In Vision, Tl is calculated from Tb as follows:

 

 

so that the energy loss cost can also be represented as:

 

 

The energy loss cost in another year can be calculated as:

 

 

 

Growth is taken into account.